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The climate crisis caused by greenhouse gas emissions has prompted Indonesia to renew its commitment in its Enhanced National Development Planning (NDC) document to reduce emissions by 31.89% through its own efforts and up to 43.2% with international support. As a key step towards achieving its Net Zero Emissions vision by 2060 or sooner, Indonesia is implementing the Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink 2030 agenda. This agenda targets a situation where the forestry and land sector absorbs more emissions than it emits, with a net carbon sink target of 140 million tons of CO2 equivalent. The FOLU sector plays a crucial role as it contributes the largest portion of emissions reductions, reaching 17.4% of the national target through its own efforts.

The implementation of this agenda is carried out through an Operational Plan that encompasses peat and mangrove ecosystem restoration, business engagement, community empowerment, local government policies, and climate finance management. Peat and mangrove restoration are prioritized because these two ecosystems have a much greater carbon storage capacity than typical tropical rainforests. Furthermore, the success of this program at the grassroots level depends heavily on cross-sector collaboration, ranging from the implementation of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) practices and multi-enterprise partnerships by businesses, strengthening access to social forestry and recognizing indigenous peoples' rights, to local government commitments to reducing deforestation rates. To achieve all FOLU Net Sink targets, the total cost required is estimated to reach IDR 204 trillion by 2030.