PUBLICATIONS

Presidential Regulation No. 98/2021 does not clearly define the position of forest-dependent communities and forest managers within the implementation of Carbon Economic Value (NEK). This lack of clarity risks creating social problems and may weaken the prioritization of Indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ rights.

The acceleration of formal legal recognition for social forestry remains limited (only 4.9 million hectares out of the 12.7 million-hectare target as of March 2022). This lack of legal status restricts Indigenous and local communities’ rights to manage forests and to actively participate in NEK schemes.

Presidential Regulation No. 98/2021 also fails to provide clear guidance on the mechanisms through which NEK will be implemented for forest-managing communities, such as carbon trading, results-based payments, or carbon levies.