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Indonesia’s NDC achievement in 2017 reached 24.5% of the 29% target. National emissions in 2016 were still dominated by the AFOLU sector (agriculture, forestry, and other land use), accounting for 51.59%, although the share of emissions from the energy sector has been increasing. There is potential to raise the ambition of the NDC in the energy sector, as emission reduction targets in the forestry sector are already highly ambitious. In the implementation of REDD+, Indonesia has been preparing result-based payment (RBP) claims to Norway and the Green Climate Fund (GCF), with differences in the Forest Reference Emission Level (FREL) reference periods used.

Meanwhile, mitigation policies such as the forest moratorium, palm oil moratorium, peatland restoration, and social forestry have also been updated, with the palm oil moratorium set to expire in three years without an extension clause. Politically, the Government of Indonesia has expressed ten points of objection to the European Union’s classification of palm oil as a high-ILUC-risk commodity, even threatening to withdraw from the Paris Agreement.