Amid economic pressure and the expansion of extractive industries, the integrity of Indonesia's climate commitment is questioned. The biggest challenge is the political courage to build fair governance that favors environmental protection and community rights.

Indonesia's deforestation surged to 206k ha (2024). Find out why the TFFF paradox, a global fund for tropical forest conservation, is threatened by conflicting food/energy policies and palm oil expansion.

President Prabowo’s speech at the 2025 UN General Assembly marked Indonesia’s return to the global diplomatic stage with promises of reforestation, food security, and a net-zero target. However, this article highlights the gap between global rhetoric and domestic realities—from persistently high deforestation rates and unresolved agrarian conflicts to an energy transition that has yet to be just and equitable.

This article examines Brazil’s experience in transitioning to bioethanol-based energy, advancing agrarian reform, and recognizing the crucial role of Indigenous peoples as forest guardians. From its achievements to the criticisms it faces, Brazil’s story offers valuable lessons on building sustainable energy policies that are consistent, rights-based, and participatory.

This article discusses Indonesia’s ambitious FOLU Net Sink targets, international financial support through the Results-Based Payment scheme from Norway and the United Kingdom, and the country’s achievements in reducing deforestation.

This article highlights how infrastructure development that ignores sustainability principles exacerbates social and ecological vulnerability. More than an environmental issue, the tragedy along Demak’s coast is a matter of justice—about who benefits and who bears the costs amid an increasingly real climate crisis.